Utilization of non-invasive measures to evaluate eccentric exercise damage in an untrained population

Background One of the most common modes of exercise among males is resistance training. The associated movements among the most common resistance training exercises completed include periods of both concentric and eccentric contraction. Previous research has demonstrated that repeated eccentric contractions of a muscle produce damaging results to the muscles involved. Invasive measures, such as blood draws and muscle biopsies have been utilized to assess skeletal muscle damage in individuals. However, the efficacy of the utilization of Creatine Kinase concentration as a marker of recovery has recently been called into question. Furthermore, biopsies and blood draws may not be applicable to identify muscle damage and recovery in an untrained population for the nutritional or strength and conditioning professional